中国力学学会

2007年新年的钟声即将敲响，中国将迎来近代力学诞生五十周年的日子。

人类正处在21世纪的第一个十年。21世纪是一个物质文明高度发达的时代，高度物质文明渊源于过去年代的科学技术成就。毫无疑问，力学学科已经为此做出了巨大的贡献。经济全球化，使21世纪又是一个充满挑战的年代，我们还要不断地推进科学技术的进步。因此，编写力学学科年度报告，回顾过去，盘点现在，可以使我们高瞻远瞩，充满信心，昂首阔步，走向未来。

    现代力学的发展趋势

力学学科有悠久的历史。300多年前，牛顿力学的出现标志着真正自然科学的兴起和黎明。“观察、实验、理论”科学方法的三部曲是由力学家开普勒、伽利略和牛顿完成的，从而开创了科学研究的崭新时代。力学是自然规律因果论和确定论思想的重要来源和直接证据。发现对初始扰动敏感依赖的混沌现象，是力学对自然规律认识论飞跃的又一重大贡献。

然而，力学不仅是有关力和运动的学科，而且也是有关介质（固体、液体、气体、等离体）宏、细/微观力学性质的学科。18世纪，连续介质力学的出现，使力学学科从物理学中脱颖而出，成为一门独立的学科。如果说，19世纪力学仅限于研究理想流体和弹性固体的范畴。那么，20世纪，人们通过研究可压缩、粘性、塑性等真实介质行为，使我们能够计算阻力，克服声障，逾越热障，设计飞机、航天器，使人类进入空间时代。21世纪，真实介质行为，其中包括：流体湍流和固体强度在内，将是现代力学学科研究的基本问题，而且它们往往是非均匀，非线性，非连续，非确定的，处在极端条件和多场耦合的环境下的复杂介质。由于它们普遍存在于自然界和工程结构中，往往成为认识自然和解决许多工程问题的瓶颈，因而也是极端重要的。人类认知水平的提高可以变成巨大的物质力量，象20世纪一样，对真实介质行为认知的深化，将转化为巨大的生产力，并促进人类文明的跨跃。在这个过程中，由于研究机理的需要和高新技术的发展，力学研究从宏观转向宏、细/微观结合，高性能计算和先进实验技术成为极其重要的手段。

现代力学将继续保持其与工程紧密联系的特征。大型客机、载人飞行、登月工程、乃至空间站、深空探测等在减阻，降噪，防热方面，在轻质、强韧、隐身材料设计方面，在推进技术方面对力学提出了新的挑战。能源、环境、材料、信息、生物医学工程的需求，促使现代力学正在不断拓展它的应用领域。力学学科在与数学、物理科学、地球科学和生物科学相互促进、融合过程中，形成了物理力学、生物力学、环境力学、爆炸力学、等离子体力学等交叉学科。由此可见，力学已经是现代社会、经济发展和人类生活中不可替代的重要基础学科，因此，钱学森说：“不可能设想，不要现代力学就能实现现代化”。

综上所述，力学学科是自然科学的先导和基础，它在学科自身发展和实际工程应用的驱动下不断发展，为人类社会的进步做出了巨大贡献，应用和理论力学学派的光辉成就已经载入科学史册。毫无疑问，现代力学仍将是一门具有广泛应用的和强大生命力的重要基础学科。现代力学在认知世界、促进经济、社会发展，维护国家安全中具有不可替代的作用。

我国力学学科的研究现状

钱学森、周培源、钱伟长、郭永怀，是我国近代力学事业的奠基人，在国际上享有盛名。他们在喷气推进、航空工程、湍流理论、板壳理论、广义变分原理、空气动力学、应用数学等方面的开创性工作，赢得了国际力学界的尊重。与此同时，力学对新中国科学技术发展和国民经济建设肩负着特殊使命，做出了巨大贡献，“两弹一星”是力学理论在生产实践中发挥巨大作用的范例。

目前，中国力学学会的会员总数超过2万人，从事与力学相关研究的两院院士有60余人。对国内86个单位的调查结果表明，目前国内有5300余人从事力学基础研究（具有正高级职称的人员1 651人，副高级职称人员2 363人，中级职称人员1 289人）。

中国力学在国际力学界处于举足轻重的地位。目前，我国在国际理论与应用力学联合会（IUTAM）中有4名理事，1名执委会委员，1名大会委员会委员，2名工作委员会委员。我国力学学者王仁、程耿东被国际力学大会邀请做1小时大会专题报告，表明我国在地球动力学和拓扑优化领域具有重要国际影响。对SCI源库中106种力学期刊的国际联机检索统计数据表明：2000～2004年间中国力学学科(不含港澳台)的论文数从655篇增长到993篇，世界排名从第3上升到第2，而中国SCI收录论文数为世界第11名。最近5年，在力学类影响因子前10位期刊的论文数从13篇上升到48篇，中国学者在力学顶级刊物上发表的论文数由1.4%增加至约5%，呈明显增加趋势。

在湍流、流动稳定性、复杂流动、本构关系、断裂、宏微观力学、计算结构力学与优化设计、光测实验力学、运动稳定性、非线性振动、结构振动与控制，爆炸力学、微重力等相对优势领域，我国学者的研究在国际学术界产生重要影响。

　　力学学科主要研究成果

最近5年中，力学学科共获得国家自然科学奖二等奖6项、国家科技进步奖一等奖3项、二等奖14项。同时，保持着一支活跃在国际学术研究前沿的研究队伍。如：清华大学破坏力学研究组、中国空气动力研究与发展中心空气动力学研究组、大连理工大学计算固体力学组和中国科院力学所高温高速气体动力学研究组，都已经成为国家基金委的“创新研究群体”。

2006年，获得国家自然科学二等奖2项，国家科技进步2等奖1项，国家自然科学基金委创新群体1个，他们是：

　　1）结构拓扑优化中奇异最优解的研究。所谓“奇异最优解“问题指的拓扑优化中由于某种原因可能得并非最优的拓扑。这一问题从理论上对结构优化提出了挑战。我国学者首次正确描述了奇异优化问题的可行域形状与本奇异最优解的本质特点；将连续性分析引入奇异最优解研究，为求解方法构造提供理论工具；用内力约束代替应力约束，提出处理奇异最优解的Epsilon-放松及其算法，统一结构拓扑优化和尺寸优化框架。从而可以从任意的均匀初始设计出发，以高概率获得全局最优解。上述理论和算法，在大型结构分析与优化设计软件JIFEX中实现，并应用于工业和国防等结构优化选型的研发中，取得了显著的社会效益。国际结构与多学科优化协会创始人，国际杂志结构与多学科优化主编Rozvany教授在综述中指出：该项研究对结构拓扑优化是“非常重要的”， “具有里程碑意义的贡献”。

　　2）振动控制系统的非线性动力学。振动控制系统的动力学研究具有两大难题：一是测控环节的时滞导致的无穷维动力学问题；二是弹性约束、磁流变迟滞阻尼等引起的非光滑动力学问题。中国学者揭示了反馈时滞、弹性约束、迟滞阻尼等因素对振动控制系统的影响：发现非线性自治时滞系统会存在无限多个Hopf分叉及相应的自激振动，时滞速度反馈系统具有无限多个共存周期振动；揭示了弹性约束系统周期振动的擦边分叉机理，提出了在擦边分叉附近控制混沌振动的方法；对于具有迟滞阻尼的系统，实现了金属橡胶、磁流变阻尼等非线性迟滞阻尼器件的实验建模和车辆悬架受迫振动和飞机机翼模型自激振动的半主动控制。该项研究被国际著名学者在AMR等期刊上评价为"耳目一新的、系统的方法"，“归功于Hu等的一个非常令人感兴趣的分支”，“先驱性工作”。研究成果已被直接应用于装备研制中。

　　3）车身结构及部件快速精细设计、制造分析KMAS软件系统。汽车车身的更新换代水平和周期直接体现国家的自主创新能力。因对于成形差、各向异性强、易破裂、回弹敏感的轻型钢板，难以保证质量和设计周期。本项目研制了贯穿复杂车身部件"上、下游"数字化设计与制造工艺紧密集成的KMAS软件系统。该系统能够适用于任意复杂车身结构及部件的快速仿真、精细结构分析和模具工艺优化设计。创新点是：基于率相关拟流动角点本构理论的弹塑性大变形接触问题计算塑性力学理论体系；可制造快速预示的车身部件参数化设计技术；引入工艺因素的车身结构快速、精细碰撞分析技术；高精度冲压模面回弹翘曲仿真与补偿技术。KMAS软件系统及其相关技术已经和正在包括：美国通用汽车公司和第一汽车集团公司在内的多家国内外主流汽车和模具制造公司、以及国内卫星天线设计与制造行业得到应用。

　　4）空天飞行器高温气体流动研究。装备国际上首座爆轰驱动激波风洞JF10，产生总温达8400K ，总压达800大气压的高超声速气流，是我国高超声速地面试验技术标志性成果。美国著名通用应用科学实验室评述：爆轰驱动是超高速研究性价比最优的选择，美德花巨资将活塞驱动改为爆轰驱动。开展高超声速推进系统和飞行器气动构型研究，氢/空气超声速燃烧实验用支板与壁面横向喷注增强混合，使燃烧效率达90％以上，在国际上首次发现传统超声速燃烧自点火规律的局限。煤油/空气超声速燃烧实验用氢引导火焰、燃烧室壁面凹腔和充气雾化，解决煤油点火、煤油/空气混合增强和稳定燃烧的关键技术问题。在氢充气气泡增强雾化煤油射流条件下，超声速燃烧效率达80％以上。提出信息保存法（IP），克服DSMC方法计算低速稀薄气体流动时统计涨落难题，并成功应用于微尺度气体流动计算。

　　近五年的突出基础和应用研究成果有：

　　铁电陶瓷的力电耦合失效与本构关系。我国学者系统、定量地探讨了铁电陶瓷在力电耦合加载下的失效过程，分析了电致断裂和电致疲劳裂纹扩展的起因、提出了电致疲劳裂纹控制和电致畴变增韧的模型，发现驰豫型铁电陶瓷的标度律，研制了测量铁电陶瓷耦合变形的本构试验系统，建立了一种宏细观相结合的本构理论。在国内外学术界产生了广泛的影响。

　　张量函数表示理论与材料本构方程不变性研究。该项目为形成现代张量函数表示理论及奠定其应用基础做出了决定性贡献。首次提出和解决了为建立现代张量函数表示理论完整体系而有待于解决的主要命题，构成现代张量函数表示理论的基础、基本框架及其应用基础。这些成果在国际上被广泛应用于建立各种复杂材料行为的模型。

　　复杂非线性系统的某些动力学理论与应用。将Lyapunov-Schmidt方法与奇异性理论结合，提出了能揭示非线性振动系统拓扑周期分岔解与系统结构参数间关系的理论方法（国际上称为C-L方法），解决了非线性参数激励系统中长期困扰非线性振动界的疑难，为结构优化、参数识别和分岔控制提供了新的途径；上述理论应用于非线性转子动力学，提出了大型高速转子重大振动故障综合控制治理技术，取得了显著的经济效益。

　　随机激励的耗散的哈密顿系统理论。将非线性随机动力学系统表示成随机激励的耗散的哈密顿系统，按相应哈密顿系统的可积性与共振性分成不可积、可积非共振、可积共振、部分可积非共振、部分可积共振五类，发展了随机激励的耗散的哈密顿系统理论，建立了一个崭新的非线性随机动力学与控制的哈密顿理论体系的框架，解决了该领域“求非线性随机动力学系统能量非等分解” 和“发展非线性随机最优控制理论方法” 的难题。

　　神舟4号飞船上液滴热毛细迁移空间实验。为开展微重力基础研究，在神舟4号飞船进行大Marangoni数液滴空间实验，液滴热毛细迁移Marangoni数达到5500（国际上最高）。在实验期间加速度水平可达到10-5g0 （g0为地面重力加速度）， 实验观察到了大Marangoni数液滴热毛细迁移的非线性动力学特征，发现绝大多数尺寸液滴在整个迁移过程中不断加速，空间实验结果为发展新的理论模型提供宝贵的基准数据。

　　返回舱气动计算和评估. 参加神舟系列返回舱技术论证工作，用我国先进的CFD方法和软件，克服气动计算中大钝头外形和速度范围宽的难题，取得如下研究成果：1）“返回舱气动一体化设计系统”的建立；2）气动特性数值计算及气动力数据手册的形成；3）返回舱飞行试验气动参数辨识及飞行性能分析评估。这些研究成果在神舟系列3-6号飞船的研制和飞行试验中发挥了重要作用，为确保载人飞船的成功返回做出了巨大贡献。

　　铁道机车车辆－轨道耦合动力学理论体系、关键技术及工程应用。率先创建机车车辆－轨道耦合动力学全新理论体系，建立了机车车辆－轨道统一模型，被称为“翟－孙模型”（四种代表性模型之一）。研制了具有我国自主知识产权的机车车辆－轨道耦合动力学仿真系统，为超负荷铁路轮轨系统动态安全设计提供技术平台；广泛应用于我国铁路机车车辆开发设计、取得了显著的经济社会效益，为我国铁路现代化建设做出重要贡献。
　　薄板冲压工艺与模具设计理论、计算方法和关键技术及在车身制造中的应用。攻克了机械加工、汽车制造和飞机制造等行业中冲压工艺与模具设计等方面的难题，形成了基于CAD/CAE/CAM一体化的、与实际工程应用相配套的、具有自己独立知识产权的关键技术与工艺实验装备。相关成果直接带动了制造业的新产品开发和行业的技术进步，实现了行业跨越式发展，创造了显著的社会效益和经济效益。

　　力学学科的重点研究领域

根据《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》制定的“自主创新，重点跨越”的指导思想，通过对学科发展趋势和我国研究现状的分析，确定未来几年内的重点研究领域。一方面，为了提高科技自主创新能力，必须开展前沿的基础研究。另一方面，力学学科必须面向国家需求，这些领域必须针对制约我国可持续发展的难题或关键科学问题，力争对社会和经济发展产生长远影响。

　　1. 力学学科前沿领域

　　（1）湍流、非定常流动及控制

　　（2）复杂介质及超常环境流动

　　（3）非线性系统的复杂动力学与控制

　　（4）微纳米力学

　　（5）新型材料与结构的多场耦合力学

　　（6）跨尺度关联

　　（7）生物力学

　　（8）仪器设备研制及实验力学新技术与新表征方法

　　（9）工程科学计算与软件

　　2．力学学科面向国家需求的领域：

　　（1）国家安全中的关键力学问题

　　（2）航空航天中的关键力学问题。

　　（3）深海环境下资源开采中的关键力学问题

　　（4）环境与灾害关键力学问题

　　（5）人类健康科学领域的关键力学问题

　　（6）先进装备中的关键力学问题

　　力学学科的奋斗目标

本年度报告分析表明，中国力学已经走过50年不平凡的历程，中国力学从一张白纸发展成为世界力学大国。但是，我们还应该清醒地认识到，中国力学同先进国家相比还有一定的距离。中国力学界，肩负着使命和责任，满怀着希望和憧憬，经过认真思考，制定了到2020年中国力学既宏伟又实际的奋斗目标：

1. 力学将适应新时期国家发展的重大战略需求，继续发挥支撑经济发展和国家安全的主力军作用，不断为现代工程技术的自主创新做出前瞻性、引领性的贡献。

2. 造就一支高水平的力学研究队伍，培养一批杰出的力学人才，能够面对激烈的国际科技竞争的挑战。力争在15年内，这支队伍能够成为国际力学界具有重要影响的力量。

3. 经过15年的努力，中国力学应当、也有可能缩小同美国和俄罗斯两个领先国家的差距，跻身于世界力学强国的行列。

近30年来的实践表明，1977年，经方毅同志和邓小平同志批示，在我国“自然科学基础学科规划”中确立了力学是一门独立基础学科的地位，这对于我们经过努力，促进力学学科发展、并达到预定的目标是十分必要的。同时，建议能够创造企业、设计部门、研究所和高校合作的机制与环境，使我国的力学工作者能够在建设创新型国家的洪流中，为我国的经济、社会发展和国家安全做出更大的贡献。

Summary

The purpose of this report is to elucidate the nature of the discipline of mechanics, summarize the recent achievements in the field, illustrate some of the exciting activities currently underway in various areas of mechanics, and to bring forth the broad range of frontiers, challenges and applications, which permeate the field.

Mechanics is a basic scientific discipline which is concerned with force, motion and macroscopic, mesoscopic /microscopic mechanical properties of substances (solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, etc.). The major classical branches of mechanics are solid mechanics, fluid mechanics and dynamics & control, which primarily deals with the deformation and failure of solids;  the flow of fluids and the related transport of momentum, energy and mass; and the motion and evolution of discrete systems, respectively.  However, today’s mechanics includes a number of interdisciplinary branches such as physical mechanics, explosion mechanics, biomechanics, environmental mechanics and geomechanics, etc. Still more new and interdisciplinary/multidisciplinary branches will keep emerging.

Since the dawn of civilization, evolving human knowledge  as to how substances behave has played an enabling role in predicting the motion of celestial bodies,  manufacturing various tools and structures, and getting adapted to the environment for survival. The understanding and experience  accumulated for a long time laid a foundation of modern sciences. For example, Newtonian mechanics represented the emergence of real natural science. At present days, mechanics has formed the backbone of many engineering disciplines. The modern development of mechanics was inspired by the industrial revolution, and in the last fifty years propelled by the demands of defense, power generation, transportation, space exploration, predictions of natural phenomena such as earthquakes, oceanic flows, and hazardous weathers, and understanding of bio-systems, etc.

In the last decades,  domestic scholars have made remarkable contributions, which exert significant impact in the field. For example, in continuum mechanics, decisive progresses  have been made to the modern theory of representation of tensorial functions and invariance of constitutive relations, which have been widely used to develop the models for various complex materials. As one of the new functional ceramics, the reliability of ferroelectric ceramics is a widely concerned important problem. We have developed systematic and quantitative theory and test systems to explore  the constitutive relations and failure process of this kind of material under external mechanical and electric loadings.  The problem of singular optimal solution, a severe challenge in structural optimization since 1980’s, has been successfully solved. The theory has been implemented in a software applied in industrial and national defense engineering. Many experimental techniques were developed, and they have been applied to measure the motion and behavior of new structures and materials. Micro- and nanomechanics is one of the frontiers and fertile areas of mechanics. New phenomena and responses of various materials at the micro- and nanoscale are being revealed. We have examined and found a series of new mechanical and physical properties of nanomaterials and devices, and proposed important new ideas. For example, the firstly presented GHz nano-mechanical oscillator has attracted a lot of attention and resulted in intensive researches worldwide. In addition, significant new results have been obtained in other directions of micro- and nanomechanics, such as new theories for size effect, nano-structures and mechanics of biomaterials, and biomimetics, and new methodologies for multi-scale computation, etc. Many other new results have been also obtained in conventional areas of solid mechanics including elasticity, plasticity, fracture mechanics, mechanics of composite materials, wave theory, vibration, and impact. Particularly, emerging new materials and structures will continue to provide challenging issues. .

In the field of fluid mechanics, we have made several internationally influential contributions in micro-gravity flows, separation flows, vortex flows, non-equilibrium flows, turbulent flows, vortex flows induced by fishes and birds, and hydrodynamic instability. We have developed various high-accuracy and high-resolution CFD algorithms, for example, the NND scheme, new WENO scheme, nonlinear compact scheme, super-compact scheme, and compact scheme based on group velocity control. We also developed the high-order project algorithm for incompressible NS equations, and high-accuracy and high-resolution impact FD- Fourier Spectral Method, and Spectral-Spectral element method for 3D incompressible viscous flows around a cylinder. Other internationally influential contributions include the algorithms for microflows, the uniform algorithms for continuum-rarefied flow, and the theory of multi-block and parallel computing methods. In the field of turbulent flow, remarkable achievements include the turbulent model system based on explicit algebraic stress model, the high-order impact nonlinear model, and nonlinear model considering the effects of flow curvature. In the field of vortex flow, several kinds of 3D vortex exact solutions of NS equations are induced; the Batchelor’s analysis is extended; and the chaos of Helmholtz vortex rings are found. In the field of hydrodynamic instability, effects of wall suction/injection on the linear stability of flat Stokes layers are investigated finding that the onset of instability of the flat Stokes layers can be suppressed/enhanced  by wall suction/injection.. In the study of the linear stability of Bingham-plastic fluid flow between two concentric cylinders rotating independently and with axial sliding of the inner cylinder (spiral Couette flow), the only situation that a yield stress fluid flow is less stable was discovered. Effects of insoluble surfactants on the stability of film flow driven by an oscillatory plate are investigated in the limit of long-wavelength perturbations. It was found that the oscillatory film flow can be stabilized by surface surfactant in the sense of raising the critical Froude number and narrowing the bandwidths of the unstable frequencies.

In the last decade, research on the dynamics and control grew rapidly in China. The Chinese scientists have made great progresses in understanding the nonlinearity and complexity in science and technology in the past decade. For example, the Chinese scholars have made several significant contributions in the global bifurcations and chaos of high dimensional nonlinear systems, dynamics and control of nonlinear stochastic systems, nonlinear dynamics of time-delayed systems, nonlinear dynamics of non-smooth systems, nonlinear dynamics of axially moving viscoelastic strings and belts, firing activities and synchronization of neuronal systems, nonlinear control, and rotor dynamics. Both the established results in the recent years and speculations about future advances in the coming years are thoroughly reviewed. Many important topics were devoted to the theme of “Chaos, Solitions and Fractals”, and they will produce a profound influence on the nonlinear science in China, and even in the world as well.

Multidisciplinary mechanics is an area full of exciting opportunities and engineering applications. In biomechanics, researches are carried out in almost all forefronts, particularly, in cell-molecule mechanics, bone mechanics, blood dynamics and tissue engineering. Physical mechanics is a fundamental frontier and directly related to many important problems in engineering. We have studied the behavior of solids and gases under high temperature and high pressure. Intensive researches have been performed in propagation of stress waves, dynamic fracture, high-velocity impact, and crashworthiness of structures. Because of the complexity of the problems involved, numerous numerical and experimental techniques are developed. The outcome of these researches has been successfully applied to many important practical problems in engineering. The recent researches in environmental mechanics are focused on atmospheric environment, water environment, environmental calamities, and geodynamics, etc. There has been much progress in these areas. Particularly, the needs for understanding many natural phenomena related to flows of mass and energy, such as prediction of micrometeorology and the coupled ocean-atmosphere fluid system, have resulted in a branch of fluid mechanics, namely, geophysical fluid dynamics. With the development of the society, more attention is being, and should be, paid to mechanics related to natural and geological calamities, such as earthquakes, landslides,  debris flows, tsunamis, and floods, etc. In recent year, there is significant progress in the research of nuclear fusion. Many TOKAMAK devices, laser devices, and ultrashort laser devices have been upgraded and built, and many relevant researches have been performed.

In this report, some successful applications of mechanics researches, among others, to the solutions of problems in engineering are highlighted. They include the train-track coupled dynamic theory and applications, computation and evaluation of aerodynamics of spacecraft, mechanics of thermal barrier materials in aeronautics and aerospace engineering, development of new mechanical theories for manufacturing processes and their application to molding of plastics and automobile industry, and rock damage mechanics and its application to coal mining. We also carried out the experiment of the thermocapillary migration of liquid drops in the Shenzhou spacecraft in the space. 

Examination of the evolution and history  of mechanics, and the emerging needs suggests that although remarkable progress has been made, many unsolved issues remain. For example, turbulence of fluids and failure of solids continue to be two foremost fundamental problems in mechanics. Moreover, the needs for breakthroughs in mechanics have intensified amidst the unprecedented development of high technologies and the society. Therefore, this report identifies some forefronts of the fundamental researches of mechanics and the national needs. On the fundamental research side, they  include turbulence, complex flows under extreme conditions, complex dynamics and control of nonlinear systems, micro/nanomechanics, mechanics of new materials under coupled multi-field loadings, multi-scale mechanics and trans-scale coupling, biomechanics, development of new equipment and experimental techniques, scientific and engineering computations and softwares. The major  areas that meet the national strategic needs are problems in the national security,  in aeronautic and aerospace engineering,  in the exploitation of deep sea resources,  in environment and calamities, in human health, and mechanics in advanced equipment.

Through analyzing the progress, the current status and the trends  of  research and application, the report proposes the targets  that may be reached in a couple of decades. For this, it also points out some problems which need to be resolved. The suggested measures that should be taken to reach the goals include (1) The independent status of mechanics as a basic scientific discipline must be maintained  consistently. (2) Multidisciplinary researches must be encouraged, and all branches should develop harmonically. (3) A particular vital aspect, namely,    the training of  young investigators of high level is crucial for discipline development in the future , deserves particular support. It is also essential for the continued health of the discipline that proper balance be sought between a focus on fundamental researches and that on the immediate needs. (4) An international mechanics centre  in preparation should be established as soon as possible to promote the international exchanges and to foster new directions and young researchers. (5) The research funds for aeronautic and aerospace engineering, and new test equipment should be strengthened. (6) Computational softwares are a basic technology which is vital to the national competitiveness. A national centre for the research and development of softwares should be established to coordinate the R&D of softwares. (7) The fundamental researches and applications of mechanics discipline should be paid more attention at the national level to ensure sustainable development of mechanics and for it to play a better leading role in engineering to meet the national needs and improve the national competitiveness